美国食品药品局细菌分析手册（BAM）第4A章：致腹泻性大肠杆菌（2020年7月版）BAM Chapter 4A Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is one of the predominant species of facultative anaerobes in the human gut and usually harmless to the host; however, a group of pathogenic E. coli has emerged that causes diarrheal disease in humans. Referred to as Diarrheagenic E. coli (28) or commonly as pathogenic E. coli, these groups are classified based on their unique virulence factors and can only be identified by these traits. Hence, analysis for pathogenic E. coli often requires that the isolates be first identified as E. coli before testing for virulence markers. The pathogenic groups include enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) and perhaps others that are not yet well characterized (21, 28). Of these, only the first 4 groups have been implicated in food or water borne illness. Some properties and symptoms of these 4 subgroups are discussed below and summarized in Table 1.

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