美国食品药品局细菌分析手册（BAM）第19c章：用于检测农业用水中环孢子虫的终端超滤（2020年7月版）BAM 19c Dead-end Ultrafiltration for the Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis from Agricultural Water

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that causes human diarrheal disease called cyclosporiasis (1). The symptoms of cyclosporiasis include explosive watery diarrhea, weight loss, cramping, bloating, increasing gas, nausea, fatigue and loss of appetite. Outbreaks and sporadic cases occur annually associated with the consumption of fresh produce such as basil, romaine, cilantro and berries and since 2013, there has been a surge in the number of reported cases of cyclosporiasis in the U.S. In 2018, 2,299 cases of domestically acquired cyclosporiasis were reported to the CDC with approximately one-third of the cases associated with two large multistate outbreaks linked to prepackaged vegetable trays and salads. In 2019, a total of 2,408 domestically acquired cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by 37 states in the U.S. and approximately 10% of these cases were linked to an outbreak that implicated imported basil (2). It is not clear how produce becomes contaminated, but it is possible that agricultural water may play a major role in contaminating crops during the irrigation at the pre-harvest stage and/or during produce processing. Therefore, laboratory methods that can be used to detect the parasite in food and water are essential to identify potential sources of infection and provide critical support for outbreak investigations.

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